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Toli shad
The toli shad or Chinese herring (''Tenualosa toli'') is a fish of the Clupeidae family, a species of shad distributed in the western Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal to the Java Sea and the South China Sea. It may be found in Mauritius〔Fricke, R., Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated checklist (Vol. 31), 1999, p. 759, (Reference 33390 ), FishBase; Retrieved: 2008-01-13〕 and the Cambodian Mekong near the Vietnam border.〔Rainboth, W.J., Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong, FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes, 1996, p. 265, (Reference 12693 ), FishBase; Retrieved: 2008-01-13〕 It inhabits fast-flowing, turbid estuaries and adjacent coastal waters.〔Blaber, S.J.M., J. Pang, P. Wong, O. Boon-Teck, L. Nyigo and D. Lubim, The life history of the tropical shad Tenualosa toli from Sarawak, 1996, p. 225-242, (Reference 26929 ), FishBase; Retrieved: 2008-01-13〕
Known as ''ikan terubok'' in Malaysia, ''T. toli'' is highly prized among Malaysians for its meat and eggs. Overfishing has depleted the population alarmingly in South East Asia, with only Sarawak's coastal areas left as its last habitat.〔S.L. Wong, ''(Bringing Back the Terubok )'', UNDP, Retrieved: 2010-11-11〕 In Bangladesh, where it is known as Ilisha Chandana, it is commercially less important than ''T. ilisha''.〔Akhtarunnessa Chowdhury, "Chandana", ''Banglapedia'', Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Retrieved: 2010-11-11〕 It is known as Daungdana in Myanmar, Trey Palung in Cambodia, Bhing in Maharashtra, Palwa in Gujarat, and Seriya in Sri Lanka.〔(Tenualosa toli ), Biodiversity occurrence data provided by: Field Museum of Natural History, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of Washington Burke Museum, and University of Turku (Accessed through GBIF Data Portal, data.gbif.org), Retrieved: 2010-02-22〕
Ascending rivers to breed. ''T. toli'' is distinguished from similar clupeids, except ''Hilsa kelee'' (kelee shad or five spot herring), by a distinct median notch in upper jaw. Biology of this protandrous hermaphrodite〔Allsop, D.J. and S.A. West, Constant relative age and size at sex change for sequentially hermaphroditic fish, 2003, p. 921-929, (Reference 55367 ), FishBase; Retrieved: 2008-01-13〕 is presumed to be similar to that of ''Tenualosa ilisha'', but the fewer gill rakers suggest an intake of larger species of zooplankton as food.〔Vidthayanon, C., Thailand red data: fishes, 2005, p. 108, (Reference 58784 ), FishBase; Retrieved: 2008-01-13〕
==References==
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抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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